The Structure of DNA

desoxyribonucleic acid, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary fabric in humans and nearlyall an different(prenominal) organisms. around e actually cubicle in a individual?s body has the kindred desoxyribonucleic acid. Most deoxyribonucleic acidis located in the cell nucleus (it is called nuclear DNA), barely a little amount of DNAcan also be found in the mitochondria (U.S. expel Library of Medicine, 2009). ADNA molecule consists of cardinal chains of nucleotides (polymers of nucleic acid all(prenominal)composed of a phosphate, a five nose candy sugar, and a nitrogenous base) that treat to classthe double helix shape. The nucleotides that forms the DNA social organisation atomic number 18 organize sotheir sugar-phosphate components submit the exterior and form the backbone of the social organisation, whereas the nitrogenous bases face inward. These bases are not all the same,there are quaternity types in DNA: Adenine, Thymine, gravitational constant and Cytosine. When the twochains of DNA come together to form a helix the bases of one drawstring truss with the basesof the other with Adenines only bond with Thymines and Guanine only screening withCytosines. DNA molecules are fundamentally long strands of nucleotides. Groups ofnucleotides are called genes. Therefore, severally DNA molecule consists of hundreds orthousands of genes, each occupying a different section of the strand and genes aregrouped into chromosomes (Miko, 2008). Humans befuddle 46 chromosomes, or otherwords 23 pairs of chromosomes. By the 1940s scientists knew that chromosomes consort the hereditary material.

They knew that chromosomes contained nucleic acids DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) andprotein. They knew that proteins were tortuous macromolecules that were very variableand functionally item whereas DNA appeared to be a some(prenominal) simpler molecule aboutwhich little was known, but people figured it wasn?t variable enough to be responsible forinheritance. Therefore, in 1940 virtually all scientists thought that proteins mustiness beresponsible for inheritance (Strachan, 1999). James D. Watson and Francis Crickdetermined the structure of DNA in 1953, victimisation the X-ray... If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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